Time intervals  Isovolumetric contraction time & Isovolumetric relaxation time Superimposed and synchronized M-mode tracings of the left ventricle with mitral valve (upper panel) and aortic root (lower panel). Phonocardiographic tracing at upper end and ECG tracing at lower end of figure. A2: First high frequency component of
second heart sound on phonocardiogram. PR-AC interval < 60 msec when pulmonary capillary wedge
pressure > 14 mmHg. LVEDP= 21.6 x (Q-MVC / AVC-E) + 1.1 (Palomo et al., Circulation 1980) LVEDP: left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Q-MVC: Time interval between ECG Q wave and mitral valve closure point. AVC-E: Time interval between aortic valve closure point and mitral valve E point (anterior early diastolic excursion of the mitral anterior leaflet).
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